Obstetrics And Gynecology

Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by absent menstrual periods for more than three monthly menstrual cycles.

Breast Infections and Inflammations

The most common type of breast infection is lactational mastitis. With this condition, which occurs when a woman is breastfeeding, the nipples become cracked and sore, allowing bacteria from the baby’s mouth to enter the ducts and rapidly multiply in the milk. Occasionally, infection also arises from a blocked milk duct. In both cases, the breast becomes hard, reddened, hot, and painful. Non-lactational mastitis is similar to lactational mastitis but occurs in nonlactating women.

Candidiasis (Yeast Infection)

Candidiasis, sometimes called moniliasis or a yeast infection, is an infection caused by yeast on the skin and/or mucous membranes.

Cervical Cancer

If abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix spread deeper into the cervix, or to other tissues or organs, the disease is then called cervical cancer, or invasive cervical cancer.

Cervicitis

A painful irritation of the cervix, cervicitis often lasts several months or longer, sometimes occurring after childbirth or use of oral contraceptives

Cystocele (Fallen Bladder)

Cystocele is the name for a hernia-like disorder in women that occurs when the wall between the bladder and the vagina weakens, causing the bladder to drop or sag into the vagina.

Diabetes (Type 1, 2, and Gestational)

Type 1 diabetes may also be known by a variety of other names, including the following: insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), juvenile diabetes, brittle diabetes, or sugar diabetes

Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea is a menstrual condition characterized by severe and frequent menstrual cramps and pain associated with menstruation.

Endometrial Cancer

Cancer of the endometrium, the most common cancer of the female reproductive organs, is a disease in which malignant (cancerous) cells are found in the endometrium. Endometrioid cancer is a specific type of endometrial cancer.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common gynaecological condition involving abnormal build-up of tissue, often causing pain or infertility.

Fibrocystic Breast Changes

Generalized breast lumpiness is known by names such as “fibrocystic disease” and “fibroid breasts.” Doctors now believe these are just part of the normal breast changes many women undergo throughout the various stages of their lives.

Flat or Inverted Nipples

An effective breastfeeding baby usually has little trouble breastfeeding even if his/her mother’s nipples appear to be flatter. A less effective breast feeder may need some time to figure out how he/she can draw the nipple into the mouth with latch-on.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes is a condition in which the glucose level is elevated and other diabetic symptoms appear during pregnancy in a woman who has not previously been diagnosed with diabetes

Haemorrhoids

Haemorrhoids are blood vessels, normally present in and around the anus and lower rectum, that have become swollen due to stretching under pressure.

Ineffective Latch-On or Sucking


This condition occurs when a baby cannot effectively remove milk from the breast during breastfeeding, resulting in poor weight gain by the infant and reduced milk production by the mother.

Infertility

Infertility is defined by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) as a disease of the reproductive system that impairs the body’s ability to perform the basic function of reproduction.

Insufficient or Delayed Milk Production

Most mothers worry at some point that they do not have enough milk. A delay in the time when milk “comes in” sometimes occurs in mothers dealing with certain health conditions.

Low Milk Production

Occasionally, a delay in the time when milk “comes in” turns into an ongoing problem with low milk production. Sometimes, a mother has been producing sufficient amounts of milk, and then milk production slowly, or quite suddenly, decreases.

Mastalgia (Breast Pain)

Mastalgia is breast pain and is generally classified as either cyclical (associated with menstrual periods) or noncyclic.

Mastitis

Mastitis is often used interchangeably with the term breast infection, but mastitis may also be due to an inflammation. Often a reddened area is noted on the breast.

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia is the most common type of abnormal uterine bleeding characterized by heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Nipple Problems and Discharge

Nipple conditions are a common benign breast condition affecting many women. Some problems are related to lactation, while others are not. Like all breast conditions, any nipple problems should be reported to your physician for a prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Osteoporosis (Condition)

Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease in which there is a loss of bone mass and destruction of bone tissue, causing weakening of the bones in the hips, spine and wrists.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is a disease in which malignant cells are found in an ovary

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Caused by a certain type of bacteria, pelvic inflammatory disease results in pelvic pain and the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy (a fertilized egg becoming implanted outside the uterus).

Perimenopause

Perimenopause refers to the transitional period of time before menstruation actually stops, which is marked by changes in the menstrual cycle, along with other physical and emotional symptoms.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome involves two of the following: lack of ovulation for an extended period of time, high levels of male hormones or small ovarian cysts.

Postpartum Thyroiditis

One particular postpartum complication is postpartum thyroiditis, a condition characterized by an inflamed thyroid gland

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A much more severe form of the collective symptoms known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS), premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a chronic medical condition that requires attention and treatment.

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Most women experience some unpleasant or uncomfortable symptoms during their menstrual cycle.

Sore Nipples

Sore nipples are probably the most common difficulty mothers have when breastfeeding

Urinary Incontinence

Urinary incontinence is the loss of urine control or the inability to hold your urine until you reach the restroom.

Urinary Tract Infection

Urinary tract infections describe a health problem that results from a bacterial infection along the urinary tract.

Uterine Cancer

Cancers that occur in each part of the uterus have their own names, such as cervical cancer or endometrial cancer, but are sometimes broadly defined as uterine cancer because the structure is part of the uterus.

Uterine Fibroids

Fibroids are the most frequently seen tumors of the female reproductive system

Vaginal Cancer

Cancer of the vagina, a rare kind of cancer in women, is a disease in which malignant cells are found in the tissues of the vagina.

Vaginitis

Vaginitis refers to any inflammation or infection of the vagina.

Vulvar Cancer

Vulvar cancer is a malignancy that can occur on any part of the external organs, but most often affects the labia majora or labia minora.

Vulvitis

Vulvitis is simply an inflammation of the vulva, the soft folds of skin outside the vagina.